What does the operational budget typically include?

The operational budget typically includes funding items identified by instructors because these items are essential for the day-to-day functioning and effectiveness of educational programs. This can encompass a variety of expenses such as instructional materials, training resources, and equipment necessary for the delivery of courses. Instructors play a significant role in determining what resources are needed to support their teaching and meet the educational objectives of their programs.

In contrast, extracurricular activities generally fall under a different budget category focused on student life rather than operational costs. Emergency funds are meant to address unforeseen expenses and are not a typical part of the operational budget's regular allocations. Similarly, an operational budget comprises a broader array of costs and does not focus solely on faculty salaries, which are one component among many. Therefore, the correct answer reflects a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes the operational budget in an educational context.