When time is a restrictive factor, how can instructors address this on the tests?

Using the sampling method of test construction is an effective way for instructors to address time constraints during testing. This method allows instructors to create a test that evaluates students' understanding of a broader range of material without requiring them to answer an excessive number of questions. By sampling key concepts and learning objectives, instructors can ensure that the tests remain concise and focused, which helps to manage the time necessary for students to complete the exam while still effectively assessing their knowledge and skills. This approach is particularly beneficial when there is a need to balance content coverage with the limited time available for testing.

Other methods like increasing the number of questions or providing extra credit could potentially worsen time constraints or not effectively support the learning objectives. Allowing open-book exams, while it can reduce pressure on students, may not necessarily address the issue of time management in a traditional test format, as it could lead to students spending excessive time looking up answers rather than relying on their knowledge.