Where can test item levels of cognition be found?

The correct answer is Bloom's taxonomy, which is a critical framework for categorizing educational goals and objectives that relate to different levels of cognitive learning. This taxonomy establishes a hierarchy of cognitive skills that educators can use to design curriculum and assess learning outcomes. It encompasses six levels of cognition: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create. This structured approach helps instructors create assessments and learning activities that progressively challenge students and foster higher-order thinking.

On the other hand, Maslow’s hierarchy addresses human motivation and needs rather than cognitive skills. Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory focuses on the different ways individuals learn and demonstrate intelligence, highlighting the diversity of learners but not specifically providing a framework for cognitive levels. Friedrich’s theories, while contributing to educational thought, are less known and do not specifically address levels of cognition in the same structured manner as Bloom's taxonomy does. Thus, Bloom's taxonomy is the most appropriate choice for identifying various levels of cognition in an instructional context.